Information Privacy & Data Security: Foreign & International

This is now the primary law for data protection and privacy for EU nations. It went into effect in May of 2018, replacing the Data Protection Directive of 1995.

Article 8 of the Council of Europe's Convention on Human Rights was a crucial step in recognizing privacy as a human right in Europe. The convention is enforced by the European Court of Human Rights.

This charter represented a consolidated statement of the political, social and economic rights of the EU and was signed in 2000. Article 7 (family and private life) and Article 8 (personal data) set forth specific privacy guarantees. These rights are binding upon all EU member states.

A resource that brings together texts, analysis, news, implementation tracking, etc.

A guide from the IAPP, the largest association of privacy professionals.

A guide from the English law firm of Bird & Bird.

Excellent resource for locating links to the treaties, legislation and cases from EU institutions, as well as useful research guides.

The FLG is a long-standing publication that covers 190 jurisdictions. The subject-heading of "Cybercrime, Data Protection, Information & Internet" is where privacy and data security laws are organized by country. For each country, information is provided for both secondary sources and primary sources on the topic.

Bloomberglaw's "Privacy & Data Security" practice center provides profiles on the laws of more than 65 countries.

Practical Law's "Privacy & Data Security" section allows for jurisdictional filtering of approximately 50 countries. The entry for each country will have one or more summaries of that nation's laws related to privacy and data security.

This customizable chart tool allows comparison of the laws from more than 50 countries across several different topics related to data security.

A research guide to privacy and data security for more than 20 nations.

V|Lex is a database that specializes in full-text resources for the countries of Central and South America. From the "advanced search" link, keyword searching can be done for terms such as "privacy" or "data protection." Categories of documents include cases, legislation and secondary sources.

Compiled by Australia law professor Graham Greenleaf. Information on 120 laws is provided.

The law firm of Morrison Foerster maintains this website with privacy laws for over 100 nations.

This resource from the World Legal Information Institute (LII) provides a useful chronological arrangement of data privacy laws from numerous countries.

A current awareness service Issued as a monthly report, while being updated throughout the month. Coverage begins in 2006.

A treatise covering major privacy and data security topics for countries on all continents, as well as EU law.

This 2013 book examines transborder data flow law and policy across 70 countries and international communities.

A general treatise that includes chapters on "European Union Data Protection" and "Personal Data Protection Laws Around the World."

Chapter 14 of this comprehensive treatise is on "International Privacy Law." The laws of many major countries are reviewed, as well as EU laws and regulations.

An academic journal published by Oxford. A quarterly publication that began in 2011.

This California treatise has two chapters relevant to international law: Chp. 9 "International Personal Data Protection and Transborder Transfers," and Chp. 11 "Global Jurisdiction Over Privacy, Breach of Security, and Internet Activity Claims." Also available in print at KFC 312 .P75 2008-

Created by the Council of Europe, Convention 108 is the only international treaty specifically protecting data privacy. Membership is open to any nation. It is sometimes referred to as the "international privacy treaty."

Adopted by the United Nations in 1948, Article 12 states that persons should be protected from interference with their privacy.